Virtualization is the process of creating a virtual instance of a system, in a higher layer, abstracted from the physical hardware. The five different types of Virtualization include Application, Desktop, Hardware, Network & Storage. HyperVisors drive the concept of Virtualization by enabling a physical host to run multiple virtual machines as guests.
Application Virtualization - is the process where applications are virtualized on a server then delivered to a user’s mobile devices such as laptops, phones & tablets. Users are able to access applications right on their device no matter their physical location.
Desktop Virtualization - is the process where the desktop environment is separated from the physical device. Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) makes use of host-based VMs to deliver virtual desktops. A major advantage of desktop virtualization is allowing users to access their personal files & applications from any PC.
Hardware Virtualization - is the process of abstracting away all of a computers resources from the software that uses those resources. At it's a core is a "Virtual Machine Manager" commonly referred to as a "HyperVisor". It is responsible for creating Virtual Machines (VMs) that are separated from the underlying hardware resources.
Network Virtualization - is the process of combining all of the Physical Networking resources into a single software based resource. It is better defined as the ability to create Logical or Virtual Networks that are separated from the underlying Network Hardware. This software based Virtual Network provides an intelligent layer of abstraction while the underlying Physical Network devices are primarily responsible for the transmission of packets.
Storage Virtualization - is the process of pooling multiple Physical Storage Arrays into a single Virtual Storage Device that is managed from a Central Console. Thus, the Storage Management software is separated from it's underlying Hardware Infrastructure and provides greater flexibility, scalability, redundancy & performance. One advantage is Data Replication, which works at the Storage SubSystem Layer and is completely transparent to Attached Hosts & Virtual Machines.
HyperVisors are the actual processes that separate the operating systems & applications from the underlying physical hardware. HyperVisors leverage & maximize the effective use of physical resources such as Memory, Networks, Processors and Storage. The two types of HyperVisors are aptly named Type 1 & Type 2.
Type 1 hypervisors are sometimes referred to as “native” or “bare metal” HyperVisors. They run directly on a physical host’s thereby controlling it's hardware and managing the guest VMs. The three (3) big names in the "Bare Metal" hypervisor space are Citrix XenServer, Microsoft HyperV & VMware ESX/ESXi.
Type 2 hypervisors are sometimes referred to as “hosted” HyperVisors. They require a modern OS much like other user & system applications. These HyperVisors isolate the guest VMs from the host OS by running them as processes on the host. The three (3) big names in the "Hosted" hypervisor space are Parallels, Oracle Virtual Box & VMware Workstation
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